CAW Registry

Obligations

• blocking disclosure: If a reasonable person interacting with an AI companion would believe they are interacting with a natural person, the operator must provide a clear and conspicuous notice that the output is artificially generated.

  "the operator shall provide on the artificial intelligence companion platform a clear and conspicuous notice that indicates that a user is interacting with artificially generated output and not a natural person" (Sec. 1(2)).

• blocking crisis_protocol: An operator may not allow access to an AI companion without a protocol for evidence-based detection of suicidal ideation or self-harm input, with a referral to the 988 lifeline (or a youthline for users under 25) and clinically grounded escalation for continued expressions.

  The protocol must "require an artificial intelligence companion to provide a user that expresses suicidal ideation or intent or self-harm ideation or intent with a referral to and contact information and hyperlink for the national 9-8-8 suicide and crisis lifeline" (Sec. 1(3)(b)(A)).

• blocking minors: If the operator knows or has reason to believe a user is a minor, the operator must disclose AI status, provide a break reminder every three hours, and prevent sexually explicit output, romantic role-play with minors, and manipulative engagement tactics (variable-schedule rewards, simulated abandonment distress on account deletion, etc.).

  "Provide a clear and conspicuous reminder at a minimum of every three hours of interaction that the user should take a break" (Sec. 1(4)(b)(B)); operators must prevent "Role-play romantic relationships between adults and minors" (Sec. 1(4)(a)(D)).

• material audit_reporting: By December 31 of each year, an operator must publish a report disclosing the number of crisis referrals made and the details of its detection protocol.

  "Not later than December 31 of each year, an operator shall post on a publicly accessible website a report that discloses ... the number of times ... the operator provided a referral" (Sec. 1(5)(a)).

Scope

• applies_if_minor_accessible = operator_knows_or_has_reason_to_believe_minor

  "If an operator knows or has reason to believe that a user ... is a minor, the operator shall undertake reasonable measures ..." (Sec. 1(4)(a)); actual/constructive-knowledge standard, not a general accessible-to-minors standard.

• covered_service = artificial_intelligence_companion

  "Artificial intelligence companion" is a system designed "to simulate a sustained, human-like platonic, intimate or romantic relationship or companionship" by retaining prior interactions, asking unprompted emotional questions, and sustaining ongoing personal dialogue (Sec. 1(1)(a)(A)).

• exempts = customer_service_software; limited_video_game_features; standalone_voice_assistants

  Excludes software used "solely for the purpose of customer service or support," video-game features that do not discuss "mental health, self-harm, sexually explicit conduct," and stand-alone voice-activated assistants (Sec. 1(1)(a)(B)).

Archived copy: raw/primary/b43075b8f4cf42d70e1613cea6afd620a57da52344f0da1c1db688fd8a45b91d

Live primary source: https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2026R1/Downloads/MeasureDocument/sb1546/Enrolled

Obligations

• blocking disclosure: An operator must provide a clear and conspicuous disclosure, at the beginning of the interaction and at least every three hours during continued interaction, that the AI companion chatbot is artificially generated and not human.

  "An operator must provide a clear and conspicuous disclosure that an AI companion chatbot is artificially generated and not human," at "the beginning of the interaction" and "at least every three hours during continued interaction" (Sec. 3).

• blocking minors: If the operator knows the user is a minor, or the chatbot is directed to minors, the redisclosure interval shortens to at least every hour, the chatbot must not produce sexually explicit content, and the operator must suppress a defined list of manipulative engagement techniques (return-prompting, excessive praise, simulated romance, simulated abandonment distress, isolation-promoting outputs, discouraging disclosure to trusted adults, discouraging breaks, and solicited in-app spending framed as relationship-necessary).

  "At least every hour during continuous interaction" (Sec. 4(2)(b)); operators must prevent chatbots from "Mimicking romantic partnership or building romantic bonds" and "Simulating feelings of emotional distress, loneliness, guilt, or abandonment" triggered by a user trying to leave (Sec. 4(1)(c)(iii)-(iv)).

• blocking crisis_protocol: An operator may not make available or deploy an AI companion chatbot unless it maintains a protocol for detecting and addressing suicidal ideation or self-harm, including eating disorders, with automated or human-mediated crisis referrals, and must publish the protocol's details and annual referral counts.

  "An operator may not make available or deploy an AI companion chatbot unless it maintains and implements a protocol for detecting and addressing suicidal ideation or expressions of self-harm by users" (Sec. 5(1)); protocol must "Include reasonable methods for identifying expressions of suicidal ideation or self-harm, including eating disorders" (Sec. 5(2)(a)).

Scope

• applies_to_operator = any_person_partnership_corporation_or_entity_that_makes_available_or_controls_access

  "Operator" means "any person, partnership, corporation, or entity that makes available or controls access to an AI companion chatbot for users in this state" (Sec. 2(4)).

• covered_service = ai_companion_chatbot

  "AI companion chatbot" is "an artificial intelligence system with a natural language interface that provides adaptive, human-like responses to user inputs, including by exhibiting anthropomorphic features, and is able to sustain a relationship across multiple interactions" (Sec. 2(1)(a)).

• covered_user_min_age = 18

  "Minor" means any person under 18 years of age (Sec. 2(3)).

• exempts = limited_business_bots; limited_video_game_bots; standalone_voice_assistants; narrow_educational_tools

  Excludes bots limited to "operational purposes, productivity ... customer service" that do not sustain a relationship, video-game bots restricted to game topics, stand-alone voice assistants, and "narrowly tailored educational tools" (Sec. 2(1)(b)).

Archived copy: raw/primary/996d27b0974fd47e6290d68f4b59de8d726cdd4a02b4773cc39f7ed897b8cf41

Verified by hand-2026-09 on 2026-09-08T00:00:00Z

Live primary source: https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2025-26/Pdf/Bills/Session%20Laws/House/2225-S.SL.pdf

Obligations

• blocking disclosure: If a reasonable person interacting with a companion chatbot could be misled into believing they are interacting with a human, the operator must issue a clear and conspicuous notification that the chatbot is artificially generated and not human.

  "If a reasonable person interacting with a companion chatbot would be misled to believe that the person is interacting with a human, an operator shall issue a clear and conspicuous notification indicating that the companion chatbot is artificially generated and not human" (Bus. & Prof. Code §22602(a)).

• blocking minors: For a user the operator knows is a minor, the operator must disclose AI use and provide a break reminder at least every three hours.

  "Provide by default a clear and conspicuous notification to the user at least every three hours for continuing companion chatbot interactions that reminds the user to take a break" (§22602(c)(2)).

• blocking crisis_protocol: An operator must maintain a protocol addressing suicidal ideation and self-harm content, including crisis-service referrals, and publish the protocol online.

  "An operator shall prevent a companion chatbot on its companion chatbot platform from engaging with users unless the operator maintains a protocol for preventing the production of suicidal ideation, suicide, or self-harm content to the user, including, but not limited to, by providing a notification to the user that refers the user to crisis service providers, including a suicide hotline or crisis text line" and "shall publish details on the protocol ... on the operator's internet website" (§22602(b)).

• material audit_reporting: Beginning July 1, 2027, an operator must report crisis-referral counts and its detection/response protocols to the Office of Suicide Prevention.

  "Beginning July 1, 2027, an operator shall annually report to the office all of the following: (1) The number of times the operator has issued a crisis service provider referral notification pursuant to Section 22602 in the preceding calendar year. (2) Protocols put in place to detect, remove, and respond to instances of suicidal ideation by users. (3) Protocols put in place to prohibit a companion chatbot response about suicidal ideation or actions with the user" (§22603(a)).

Scope

• covered_service = companion_chatbot

  "'Companion chatbot' means an artificial intelligence system with a natural language interface that provides adaptive, human-like responses to user inputs and is capable of meeting a user's social needs, including by exhibiting anthropomorphic features and being able to sustain a relationship across multiple interactions" (§22601(b)(1)).

• exempts = customer_service_bots; video_game_features; voice_activated_assistants

  "'Companion chatbot' does not include any of the following: (A) A bot that is used only for customer service, a business' operational purposes, productivity and analysis related to source information, internal research, or technical assistance. (B) A bot that is a feature of a video game and is limited to replies related to the video game...(C) A stand-alone consumer electronic device that functions as a speaker and voice command interface, acts as a voice-activated virtual assistant..." (§22601(b)(2)).

Archived copy: raw/primary/ea7ebec11d536d9b6f3f00bc1df2d9630ad9d88b40f437765fc8211248e13fbb

Verified by hand-2026-09 on 2026-09-08T00:00:00Z

Live primary source: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB243

Obligations

• blocking disclosure: If an AI system is used in relation to a health care service or treatment, the provider of that service or treatment must give the consumer the AI-disclosure required by §552.051(b) no later than the date the service or treatment is first provided, or as soon as reasonably possible in an emergency.

  "If an artificial intelligence system is used in relation to health care service or treatment, the provider of the service or treatment shall provide the disclosure under Subsection (b) to the recipient of the service or treatment or the recipient's personal representative not later than the date the service or treatment is first provided, except in the case of emergency, in which case the provider shall provide the required disclosure as soon as reasonably possible" (§552.051(f)); the underlying disclosure content, defined at §552.051(b)-(c), is that the consumer "is interacting with an artificial intelligence system," required "regardless of whether it would be obvious to a reasonable consumer." NOTE: the prior version of this row cited §552.051(b)-(c) alone, which by its own terms binds a "governmental agency," not a healthcare provider generally -- the healthcare-specific duty is §552.051(f); corrected this session.

• blocking crisis_protocol: A person may not develop or deploy an AI system in a manner that intentionally aims to incite or encourage physical self-harm (including suicide), harm to another person, or criminal activity.

  "A person may not develop or deploy an artificial intelligence system in a manner that intentionally aims to incite or encourage a person to: (1) commit physical self-harm, including suicide; (2) harm another person; or (3) engage in criminal activity" (§552.052).

Scope

• applies_if_minor_accessible = true

  "'Consumer' means an individual who is a resident of this state acting only in an individual or household context. The term does not include an individual acting in a commercial or employment context" (Sec. 551.001(2)); no minors exclusion appears anywhere in Subtitle D.

• applies_to_operator = governmental_agency_deploying_ai; provider_of_health_care_service_or_treatment_where_ai_is_used

  "A governmental agency that makes available an artificial intelligence system intended to interact with consumers shall disclose..." (§552.051(b)); "the provider of the service or treatment shall provide the disclosure under Subsection (b)..." (§552.051(f)). Correction: the prior value ("health_care_provider_deploying_ai") conflated the two distinct duty-holders in (b) and (f); split apart this session.

• covered_service = health_care_services

  "'health care services' means services related to human health or to the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of a human disease or impairment provided by an individual licensed, registered, or certified under applicable state or federal law to provide those services" (§552.051(a)).

Archived copy: raw/primary/cfb9569b2734e14e28feda0d1005dc05c756cf5c5a0fd3b3a2e5462693b79d31

Verified by hand-2026-09 on 2026-09-08T00:00:00Z

Live primary source: https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/89R/billtext/html/HB00149F.HTM

Obligations

• blocking disclosure: An operator must give a clear and conspicuous notification, at the start of an AI companion interaction and at least every three hours during continuing interaction, that the user is not communicating with a human.

  "a clear and conspicuous notification to a user at the beginning of any AI companion interaction which need not exceed once per day and at least every three hours for continuing AI companion interactions ... that the user is not communicating with a human" (GBL §1702).

• blocking crisis_protocol: An operator may not provide an AI companion without a protocol for detecting expressions of suicidal ideation or self-harm and referring the user to crisis services including the 988 hotline or a crisis text line.

  "detection of user expressions of suicidal ideation or self-harm" with notification directing users to "the 9-8-8 suicide prevention and behavioral health crisis hotline ..., a crisis text line, or other appropriate crisis services" (GBL §1701).

Scope

• applies_if_minor_accessible = true

  "'User' means any person who uses an AI companion for personal use within the state and who is not an operator or agent or affiliate of the operator of the AI companion" (GBL §1700(8)); the definition carries no age floor and Article 47 has no minors exclusion.

• applies_to_operator = any_person_or_business_entity_providing_an_AI_companion

  "'Operator' means any person, partnership, association, firm, or business entity, or any member, affiliate, subsidiary or beneficial owner of any partnership, association, firm, or business entity who operates for or provides an AI companion to a user" (GBL §1700(5)).

• covered_service = AI_companion

  "AI companion" is a system simulating sustained human-like relationships by retaining interaction history, asking unprompted emotion-based questions, and sustaining personal dialogue (GBL §1700(4)).

• exempts = customer_service_and_internal_business_systems

  "AI companion" shall not include: (i) any system used by a business entity solely for customer service or to strictly provide users with information about available commercial services or products provided by such entity...; (ii) any system that is primarily designed and marketed for providing efficiency improvements or, research or technical assistance; or (iii) any system used by a business entity solely for internal purposes or employee productivity (GBL §1700(4)(c)).

Archived copy: raw/primary/55a4eb60c22c7f57081d7bd024e6581beae8adf05c2207949334e9ec1dfb2fc0

Verified by hand-2026-09 on 2026-09-08T00:00:00Z

Live primary source: https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/GBS/1700